Kingtronics Blog

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In today’s high-tech world, stability and accuracy in timing and frequency control are crucial for the reliable operation of electronic devices. As devices become more sophisticated, the demand for components that can maintain stability under varying conditions has grown. This is where Thermotonic Crystal Oscillators (TCXO) come into play. These oscillators provide a high level of frequency stability by compensating for temperature variations, making them an essential component in a wide range of applications.

What is a Thermotonic Crystal Oscillator (TCXO)?

A Thermotonic Crystal Oscillator, commonly known as TCXO, is a type of quartz oscillator designed to compensate for temperature fluctuations, ensuring a stable frequency output. Quartz oscillators naturally experience changes in frequency as the ambient temperature varies. TCXOs address this issue by incorporating a temperature compensation circuit that adjusts the frequency, minimizing deviations and ensuring a more consistent performance across a wide temperature range.

How Does a TCXO Work?

The key to a TCXO’s performance lies in its internal temperature compensation mechanism. Unlike standard crystal oscillators, which can drift with temperature changes, a TCXO uses an external temperature-sensing circuit to monitor the environment. As the temperature shifts, the circuit sends corrective signals to adjust the oscillator’s frequency, effectively compensating for potential drifts. This process ensures a highly stable output, making TCXOs the go-to choice for applications where timing accuracy is vital.

Benefits of Using a TCXO

1. High Frequency Stability One of the primary advantages of TCXOs is their remarkable frequency stability. They typically exhibit a frequency tolerance as low as ±0.1 ppm (parts per million) over a wide temperature range. This high stability makes them ideal for environments where temperature changes are common, such as outdoor communications equipment, GPS systems, and mobile devices.

2. Low Power Consumption Unlike some other temperature-compensating oscillators, TCXOs are designed to operate efficiently, consuming minimal power. This characteristic makes them suitable for battery-operated devices where energy conservation is a priority.

3. Broad Temperature Range TCXOs can maintain their stability across a broad temperature range, typically from -40°C to +85°C. This wide range allows them to be used in various applications, from automotive electronics to industrial automation systems, where environmental conditions can vary significantly.

4. Compact and Reliable Design Modern TCXOs are available in compact packages, making them suitable for integration into small, high-density circuit boards. Their robust design ensures long-term reliability, even in challenging conditions, making them a preferred choice for mission-critical applications.

Applications of TCXO

• Telecommunications: TCXOs are used in cellular base stations, network infrastructure, and wireless communication devices to ensure stable signal transmission.
• GPS Systems: Accurate timing is crucial for GPS receivers, as it directly impacts positioning accuracy. TCXOs help maintain precise timing in varying environmental conditions.
• Portable Electronics: In mobile phones, laptops, and wearable devices, TCXOs provide a stable clock source, ensuring smooth operation and synchronization.
• Test and Measurement Equipment: TCXOs are integrated into testing devices and oscilloscopes to provide a reference signal with high precision, allowing for accurate measurements.
• Industrial Control Systems: In factory automation and robotics, TCXOs enable precise timing for processes and control systems, ensuring consistent and reliable performance.

Choosing the Right TCXO for Your Needs

When selecting a TCXO for your application, it is crucial to consider factors such as frequency range, stability, operating temperature, package size, and power consumption. Some TCXOs offer customizable options to fine-tune performance characteristics based on the specific needs of your project.

Conclusion: The Ideal Timing Solution

Thermotonic Crystal Oscillators (TCXOs) stand out as the ideal solution for applications that demand high-frequency stability across varying temperatures. Their precision, low power consumption, compact design, and broad temperature range make them versatile components in various industries. By compensating for temperature variations, TCXOs ensure that electronic devices operate reliably and accurately, regardless of environmental conditions.

If you are looking for a crystal oscillator that provides high stability and performance, TCXOs are an excellent choice to consider for your timing and frequency control needs.

For more information on selecting the best TCXO for your application, please feel free to reach out to us:

📩 E-mail: info@kingtronics.com
📞 Skype: kingtronics.sales2

Discover the benefits of integrating TCXOs into your electronic projects and experience unparalleled timing stability!

Stay tuned for more updates on our top-of-the-line Film Capacitors and other innovative products.

A.Power supply circuits

Stable DC power supplies are divided into intermittent control types (switching regulator) and continuous control types (Dropper).
Recent trends have shown an overwhelming growth in switching regulators, and so we talk mainly about switching regulators below.
The capacitors used in switching regulators are selected depending on the circuit. A forward switching regulator is shown as an example in Flg.6-1. Another type is a fly back regulator.



(1) Aluminum electrolytic capacitors for input (primary) smoothing circuits The Aluminum electrolytic capacitors for input smoothing circuits used on commercial voltages (100 V.AC, 200 V.AC) and commercial frequencies (60 Hz, 50 Hz) must have a high withstand voltage and a ripple current resistance complying with twice the commercial frequency (normally full-wave current).
These capacitors have large volumes (ground contact areas) compared to other components they are assembled with ,and so the demand for more compact capacitors, as well as power supplies, is strong. Another problem is the need for longer aluminum electrolytic capacitor lives, but products guaranteed for 5000 hours at 105℃ have recently been developed, thus realizing freedom from maintenance for 10 years.

(2) Aluminum electrolytic capacitors for output smoothing circuits The rated voltage of aluminum electrolytic capacitors used for smoothing at switching frequencies (20 k to 500 kHz) is determined by the output voltage, and they must have low impedance (low ESR) at switching frequencies. Therefore aluminum electrolytic capacitors for output smoothing are designed to have low impedance at 20 k to 500 kHz, and the recent development of a low resistance electrolyte using new materials has resulted in products with 1/3 to 1/4 the impedance of conventional products with the same volume. These low impedance products also have an extremely stable life

B. ECU for automotive

The electronization of in-vehicle control is accelerating these days. ECU (electrical control unit) which carries out in-vehicle control is asked for high reliance, a miniaturization, and high quality, and many aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used for it. A typical application example is shown below. 

(1) Power train ECU (Engine、 HV-Inverter etc.)


(2) Motor control ECU（Power steering, a blower / radiator fan motor, an electric pump etc.）


(3) LED lump


(4) Airbag


In automotive application, there are mainly an object for smoothing of input and output of the power supply of ECU and an object for energy reserve.
The rated voltage of 25 to 50 V.DC is mainly used.Not only current aluminum capacitor, aluminum capacitor with conductive polymer and
electrolyte is increasing due to improve quality, performance, with standing-voltage.It contributes to the small size of ECU, and a weight saving these days.

Kingtronics Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor is designed with  long life, low Impedance, wide Temperatures range and excellent performance. our SMD type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors are available in the range of <1 μF to several farads with working voltages up to several hundred volts DC. A thin layer of aluminum oxide forms the dielectric.

Following are our E-cap catalog and SMD type cross reference, welcome contact us for more information. application:
power supplies,
Industrial Welding Machines,
Variable Frequency Speed Controller
Power Socket
Lamp,  Lighting
LED Power Device, LED Driver,
Power Meters, Energy Meters, and other general purpose.

Kt Kingtronics - Aluminum Elec. Capacitors Catalog : https://www.kingtronics.com/pdf/Kingtronics-Aluminum-Electrolytic-Capacitor-Leaflet.pdf
Kingtronics SMD Type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Factory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpMf5VRjjFU&t=3s

MuRata will stop offer trimmer capacitors after 2021 March, maybe it is not a good new for some customer who support product by MuRata. Some product of TZY2 series, which is small and thin size with external dimensions of 2.5(W) x3.2 (L) x1.25max(H)mm, have been discontinued (remark:red). Blue-label products will be discontinued as below.

If you change your PCB pattern size, Kingtronics KKT series suit for you, which is small size with external dimension of 3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T) mm. New shape of cover can improve the adhesion between rotor and stator leads to superior stability. It is suitable for high frequency circuit due to high self-resonant frequency. We can be your best support for KKT series with regular stock, competitive price, RoHS qualification, few samples!

It designed for reflow soldering and application for crystal oscillators, crystal filters, radar detectors, stylus pen, compact radios, hand radios, burglarproof devices, headphone stereos, and remote keyless entry systems

Capacitance          (pF MAX)	Murata		Kingtronics
	Part Number	L x W (size)	Part Number	L x W (size)
45pF	TZY2K450AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
45pF	TZY2K450AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
20pF	TZY2R200AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-320TR (Pink)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
20pF	TZY2R200AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-320TR (Pink)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
25pF	TZY2R250AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-330TR (Green)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
25pF	TZY2R250AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-330TR (Green)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
1pF	TZY2Z010AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
1pF	TZY2Z010AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
3pF	TZY2Z030AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
3pF	TZY2Z030AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
6pF	TZY2Z060AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-306TR (Blue)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
6pF	TZY2Z060AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-306TR (Blue)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
10pF	TZY2Z100AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-310TR (Ivory)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
10pF	TZY2Z100AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-310TR (Ivory)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
2.5pF	TZY2Z2R5AC01B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
2.5pF	TZY2Z2R5AC01R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
45pF	TZY2K450A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
45pF	TZY2K450A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
20pF	TZY2R200A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-320TR (Pink)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
20pF	TZY2R200A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-320TR (Pink)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
25pF	TZY2R250A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-330TR (Green)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
25pF	TZY2R250A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-330TR (Green)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
1pF	TZY2Z010A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
1pF	TZY2Z010A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	N/A	N/A
3pF	TZY2Z030A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
3pF	TZY2Z030A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
6pF	TZY2Z060A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-306TR (Blue)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
6pF	TZY2Z060A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-306TR (Blue)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
10pF	TZY2Z100A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-310TR (Ivory)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
10pF	TZY2Z100A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-310TR (Ivory)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
2.5pF	TZY2Z2R5A001B00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm
2.5pF	TZY2Z2R5A001R00	2.5(W)x3.2(L)x1.25max.(H)mm	KKT-303TR (Black)	3.2(W) x 4.5(L) x 1.5(T)mm

Note:1.The product information in this catalog is for reference only,Please contact our sales before ordering: info@kingtronics.com
          2.Blue: To be discontinued      / Red: Discontinued

Hertz (Hz)
The basic unit of measurement of frequency. It is a measurement used to denote one complete occurrence of an event in one second.
The frequency of a crystal is measured in megahertz (MHz) or kilohertz (kHz). In Kingtronics we usually usd KHz.

Frequency 
Measured in Hertz (Hz), it is a periodic repetition of an event within a unit of time. 
In an electrical circuit, it is the number of times a resonator plate oscillates or vibrates in one second. The most common herts for Kingtroncis QKT is 32.768KHz

Frequency Tolerance
Often called Calibration Accuracy, it is the amount of frequency deviation from the specified nominal frequency at room temperature (25°C). 
This term is expressed as a minimum and maximum percent (%) or parts per million (ppm). Kingtronics can provide -20℃~+70℃, -40℃~+85℃, -10℃~+60℃

Load Capacitance
A capacitance, specified in picofarads (pF), presented to the crystal. 
The parallel load resonant frequency (FL) is a function of the load capacitance.

For more details, please refer to below link, thank you.
www.kingtronics.com/quartz-crystals/
www.abracon.com/Support/qtzcry_glossary.pdf
www.abracon.com/Support/qtzcryoscil_glossary.pdf

When you order Crystal Oscillator, you have to at least keep 5 essential aspects.
Package Type,  Frequency, Suply Voltage, Frequency Tolerance,Operating Temperature

Examples : 
QKT-OSC3225, 32.768KHz,  1.8V, +/-10ppm, -10℃~+60℃
QKT-OSC5032, 32.768KHz,  3.3V, +/-20ppm, -20℃~+70℃
QKT-OSC7050, 32.768KHz,  5.0V, +/-20ppm, -40℃~+85℃

Free samples are available and welcome your enquiry and test our samples.

If you need more products information, please check :
www.kingtronics.com/quartz-crystals/QKT-HC49SMD.html

When you order Quartz Crystal Resonator, you have to at least keep 5 essential aspects.
Package Type,  Frequency, Load Capacitance, Frequency Tolerance,Operating Temperature

Examples : 
QKT-HC49U, 16.000MHz,  20pF, +/-30ppm, -20℃~+70℃
QKT-HC49S, 12.000MHz,  20pF, +/-20ppm, -10℃~+60℃
QKT-HC49SMD, 10.000MHz, 20pF, +/-30ppm, -20℃~+70℃
QKT-3225SMD, 26.000MHz, 20pF, +/-10ppm, -20℃~+70℃

Free samples are available and welcome your enquiry and test our samples.

If you need more products information, please check : 
www.kingtronics.com/quartz-crystals/QKT-HC49S.html